What Is Classical Liberalism?
\nby John C. Goodman
\n\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062f: ( \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 )
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\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645, \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 ” \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 , \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 , \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\/ \u0644\u062c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\/ , \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ” \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643 ” (John Locke) , \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645, \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.
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\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a:
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\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647: \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629, \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u062d\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 “\u062c\u0627\u0646” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u062d\u0629, \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 “\u062c\u0627\u0646”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a, \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 , \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633, \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629:
\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644, \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 .. \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 .
\n\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629:
\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629, \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u0644\u0648\u0643” \u0648 “\u062c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646”, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f ” \u0644\u0648\u0643 ” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 , \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.
\n\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629:
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627 “\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627 “\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629”, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627, \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 , \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644, \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629), \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:
\n1-\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n2- \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n3- \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n4- \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629:
\n\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 , \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a, \u0645\u062b\u0644 , (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629) , \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a, \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627, \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642:
\n\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u061f, \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u061f.
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629, \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629”, \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643, \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u064a:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642:
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ” \u0647\u0648\u062c\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0633 “Hugo Grotius” (1583 -1645 ), \u0648(\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641)) (Samuel von Pufendorf ) ( 1632- 1694 ) , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643) ( 1704- 1632 (, \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629), \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 “\u0644\u0648\u0643” \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647”, (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 .. \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645), \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 , \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b, \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639).
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642:
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\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646, \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (\u0644\u0648\u0643), \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629) \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062c\u062f ” \u0644\u0648\u0643 ” \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u2013 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u2013 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0647.
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\n\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 “\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632” (John Rawls), \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647), \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644, \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645, \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a) \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0621) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629, \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631, \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 .. \u0627\u0644\u062e, \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b, \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629
\nd.owaid333d@gmail.com<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
What Is Classical Liberalism? by John C. Goodman \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062f: ( \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 ) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 , \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 ” \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640 ” \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 ” (Thomas Jefferson ).. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-505353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/505353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=505353"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/505353\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=505353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=505353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alsiasi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=505353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}