\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0635\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 18 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0631\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 120 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06409.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2026 \u0639\u0646 “World Metrics”\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n
\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 24 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 Wilsdorf & Davis\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n